McDonalds Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

McDonalds Business Strategy - Essay Example By 1968, the chain contained 1,000 units, which rose to 5,000 units by 1978. By 2001, the organization worked around 30,000 units around the world. While keeping menus restricted, McDonald's enhanced its range from its unique burgers and cheeseburgers. In 1964, the organization propelled its Filet-o-Fish sandwich, trailed by signature burger the Big Mac in 1968, Happy Meals in 1979 and Chicken McNuggets in 1983. (Keynote, 2003; Leitch; 2004) While most of deals stay focused on hamburgers and French fries, beverages and sweets are significant and the brand occasionally explores different avenues regarding other menu increases, for example, servings of mixed greens and neighborhood specialities. McDonald’s as of now preparing for the presentation of another serving of mixed greens run in 2006. The late-1990s saw McDonald's day of work its center, as burger inexpensive food, particularly in the US, appeared to be perilously packed and adult. Therefore, McDonald’s concentrated on broadening, presenting new menu things and intending to pull in a progressively grown-up segment, while holding its center customer base of kids. 2000 saw the presentation of plates of mixed greens, low-fat treats and a more extensive decision of chicken and fish burgers. The organization additionally started to loosen up the McDonald's equation, presenting increasingly local menu varieties and exploring different avenues regarding new arrangements, for example, cafã ©s and booths. This technique of broadening likewise brought about various acquisitions during the audit time frame, seeing a move away from its customary single-brand center. In 1998, McDonald’s bought London-based espresso chain Aroma and in 1999 and 2000 McDonald’s bought US chains Donatos Pizzeria with an accen tuation on â€Å"home-prepared meal† style cheap food. ... The organization additionally started to loosen up the McDonald's equation, presenting progressively local menu varieties and exploring different avenues regarding new configurations, for example, cafs and booths. This technique of broadening additionally brought about various acquisitions during the survey time frame, seeing a move away from its customary single-brand center. In 1998, McDonald's bought London-based espresso chain Aroma and in 1999 and 2000 McDonald's bought US chains Donatos Pizzeria (Ohio based), Mexican self-administration cafeteria brand Chipotle (Denver based) and Boston Market with an accentuation on home-prepared supper style inexpensive food. Past acquisitions, McDonald's additionally made a progression of key speculations. In February 2001, McDonald's procured a minority intrigue (33%) in the British sandwich chain Pret a Manger. In 2002, McDonald's framed a joint endeavor with Fazoli's, a quick easygoing Italian café idea situated in Lexington, Kentucky, to create 20-30 Fazoli's cafés in the US. (Leitch; 2004) This likewise gave McDonald's the alternative to buy the whole organization sometime in the not too distant future. The organization likewise opened its first multibranded unit, offering Boston Market, Donatos and McDonald's. Be that as it may, these acquisitions didn't demonstrate completely effective. In 2002, the organization encountered a troublesome year, coming full circle in its first historically speaking quarterly misfortune. This horrible showing was halfway because of frail economies in Latin America and APMEA (Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa) and to expanding rivalry in develop US and Western Eu ropean inexpensive food. In any case, the organization additionally felt that its technique of brand expansion was weakening its attention on center brand McDonald's. In 2002, Aroma was offered to Caff Nero and in 2003

Human Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Relations - Essay Example These were all bigot remarks on an understudy as he was dark and he had a place from other country. I saw that nobody prevented them from ragging him; while everybody showed a feeling of pride in what they were doing. They believed themselves to be prevalent, unblemished, heroes and devout as they had the shading white. Moreover, an understudy of white starting point tossed water expands on the other person and mortified and hassled him in light of his shading. At that point, I was astounded to see that such bigotry wins even in the 21st century, when individuals venture themselves to be present day and liberal. This supremacist demonstration saw was a disgrace for each person who states him/herself to be tolerant. I had an impression of inadequacy seeing such conduct and bias of the individuals. The white understudies enjoyed their demonstration and were feeling pleased with their activity. I was numb to what I saw and my adrenaline surge was to the statures. My concept of free worl d, majority rules system and non-segregation was all evolving. I thought of testing them and demonstrating them the genuine image of the reality where dark individuals are working connected at the hip, and are on occasion additionally better than the white individuals in their exercises. I needed to dissent and spare my companion from the torment yet dreaded as I too had a dim shading. In any case, I returned to my place and composed a letter to the school authority with respect to the frequency, the prejudice that was being looked by the understudies who were there to examine. I went to numerous people of the school who marked the letter to exhibit their help towards hostile to bigotry in universities. The rate in the school isolated the understudies into gatherings, one who trusted in the possibility of unrivaled and second rate and the other who saw fairness for the accomplishment of the individual and country. The occurrence showed activity of matchless quality and prejudice in the school. Inquiries Questions Framed: 1. Should Racism win in this advanced world? 2. What ought to be done to stop prejudice? I met my companions and my neighbor with respect to prejudice. As indicated by Respondent I, prejudice ought not win in the cutting edge world. Prejudice shows the backwardness of perspective, when the world is arriving at new statures. Prejudice displays imbalance, absence of training, social qualities or more all human qualities. He included that in present day world, individuals ought to have confidence in fellowship and not battle on a frivolous issue of shading. In light of the subsequent inquiry, he expressed that individuals ought to be rebuffed on the off chance that they pass bigot remarks or jokes. Individuals ought to be instructed on bigotry and forced to change their perspectives in regards to prejudice and sexism remarks. Respondent II was against bigotry, he introduced a thought of a free reality where individuals ought to be decided by thei r conduct and not shading. He expressed that harmony and a feeling of companionship ought to win in the cutting edge world to support entomb social conduct. He was extremely irritated with the individuals who bolstered bigotry and remarked that they ought to be energetically rebuffed and sent for mental treatment. As indicated by Respondent III, he upheld bigotry as he had confidence in incomparability. He expressed that since they have a white shading they ought to be treated in a predominant way. He accepted that the shading distinction is a result of the great conduct, prevalence and perfection. Synopsis REGARDING EXPERIENCES OBSERVING, CHALLENGING AND TALKING ABOUT Racism is accept, activity or a psychological state where individuals will in general be unrivaled

PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts

The Beechcraft Baron 58 is the brainchild of Hawker Beechcraft Corporation. The organization built up this specific model in1970. As indicated by the Corporation’s site, another Beechcraft 58 expenses around 1.2 million dollars (Baron58 n.d). The determinations of this plane incorporate a twin motor cylinder, six front seats, and two rearward entryways. It has a gross load of 2450-2500 kilograms and a most extreme drop weight of 2450 kilograms.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Flight Express is an air transporter organization with an armada of eighty-nine airplanes. Out of these, twenty-seven are Beechcraft models (Flight Express 2010). Flight Express has its central command in Orlando, Florida and it works in twenty six different states over the United States. Express highly esteems being a period basic and an on request transporter that works in provincial air transport. The carrier transports bundles for a few organizations incorporating those in distributing, life science, and banking businesses. Flight Express’s pilots log more than 64,000 flight hours yearly (Flight Express, 2003). Despite the fact that Flight Express works under FAR (Federal Aviation Regulations), its activities will be investigated from the CAA’s viewpoint with the end goal of this cost evaluation. This is for the most part in light of the fact that the company’s FAR affirmed records are not open to the general population. Since the cost evaluation is accomplished for a general instance of 200 hours, the outcomes acquired through either guidelines (FAR or CAA) ought not have an immense disparities between them. The Beechcraft’s greatest drop weight is underneath 2730 kilograms, it is from this time forward delegated a light cylinder motor airplane (Civil Aviation Authority 2005). There are five indicated support checks for this airplane class. The first is Check An and it must be completed before the main trip of the day. The subsequent check is the fifty-hour check. This look at must be conveyed after each fifty flight hours or on the other hand following a half year of activity. At that point there is the 150-hour look at that is conveyed after each one hundred and fifty hours of flight. Different looks at are the yearly registration after at regular intervals, and the star assessment. The common Aviation Authority specifies the greater part of these checks. As indicated by the Authority, Check A requires the engine’s air channel to be assessed with accentuation on its neatness. The tires and wheels of the plane additionally must be checked for harms. The expansion levels and different abnormalities additionally must be checked.Advertising Looking for article on aeronautics? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More moreover, the usefulness of the fuel siph on must be reviewed during this check. The fifty-hour check includes assessment of the fuel siphon, air channel, wheels, and tires. Broad checks of these territories must be done after either fifty hours of flight or a half year whichever starts things out. The vast majority of the occasions, this check includes substitution of oil channels and tires. The 150-hour keep an eye on its part harmonizes with the 50-hour checks. This implies all the investigations specified in the 50-hour check are remembered for this one. The standard tasks in this check incorporate motor adjusting and once in a while tire substitutions. This look at must be conveyed after each one hundred and fifty hours of flight. Then again, the yearly look at is conveyed after at regular intervals. During this check all oil channels are supplanted. The tires may likewise be supplanted if any indications of harm or destroying were found. The fuel siphon and the motor air channels may likewise be supplanted during this yearly check (Civil Aviation Authority 2005). Reference section X outlines an investigation of how PMA parts can lessen the support costs for Flight Express airplanes. For example, it is accepted that Flight Express works each Beechcraft Baron 58 for around 200 hours every year. This implies a few sections should be supplanted as per CAA’s guidelines. This implies airplane parts like motor air channels, oil channels, principle tires, and nose tires will be required over the span of these checks. Different parts that can be supplanted inside the 200 hours of flight are fuel siphons and wheel gatherings. In any case, these parts are seldom supplanted inside this period in typical conditions. Reference section X records the evaluated number of substitutions that can be made inside 200 hours of flight. Inside the evaluated time allotment of 200 hours, a solitary airplane will require these parts to be supplanted; two motor air channels, one fuel siphon, eight oil channels, two w heel gatherings, four primary tires, and two nose tires. In the event that Flight Express decides to utilize OEM parts when making these substitutions, it will cost the organization fourteen thousand, 700 and ninety seven dollars and seventy eight pennies. This incorporates the expense of a fuel siphon that is frequently extremely extravagant by most makers. In any case, if Flight Express decides to utilize PMA’s parts it will just cost the organization a sum of 4,000, 900 and eighty four dollars and fifty two pennies. This shows Flight Express is set to spare around sixty six percent in material expenses if the organization decides to utilize PMA’s items. These potential investment funds are as far as a solitary aircraft.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Considering Flight Express works an aggregate of twenty seven Beechcraft Baron 58 airplanes, the organi zation stands to make generous reserve funds if PMA parts are utilized. Every one of these airplanes has a rough 200 hours of trip in one year. The all out number of substitutions is thusly expected to associate with fifty four motor channels, twenty seven fuel siphons, 200 and sixteen oil channels, twelve wheel gatherings, one hundred and eight fundamental tires and fifty four nose tires. On the off chance that the organization goes for PMA items, the organization can spare more than 200 and forty thousand dollars in every support cycle. At the point when this rundown bars the expensive fuel siphons, it will in any case cost Flight Express 45,136.54 dollars. It will cost the organization seventy 7,000, 500 and forty six dollars and four pennies if these equivalent items are sourced from OEM. One of the restrictions of this evaluation is the strategy used to show up at the normal 200 hours of flight for each year. This is on the grounds that this figure is evaluated from the quantit y of flight hours logged by each pilot every year (Flight Express 2010b). Outline The aftereffects of this contextual analysis show that PMA’s items are less expensive contrasted with those from elective organizations. Aeronautics organizations can exploit the cost cutting choices gave by PMA. Any avionics organization that decides to utilize PMA-made extra parts stands to set aside a ton of cash in support costs. References Baron58, n.d, Beechcraft Baron 58 General Information. Web. Common Aviation Authority, 2005, CAP 411: Light A/C Maint Schedules (Airplanes). Web. Flight Express, 2003, Initial and Recurrent Flight Training Handbook: Beechcraft 58 Baron. Web.Advertising Searching for article on flight? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Flight Express, 2010, About. Web. Flight Express, 2010b, Flight Express Fleet. Web. This article on PMA Results on Flight Express Aircrafts was composed and put together by client Fallen One to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

President of the United States of America - Donald Trump - Free Essay Example

High unemployment, Americans feeling they have been put second to non-citizens, and the strong message of American Nationalism through the Make American Great Again slogan, won the vote of many Americans who had distain from the Obama Administration. His victory stunned scholars and political analysts. From the moment he rode down the escalator in June of 2015, people wrote him off. Commentators speculated his announcement was merely a publicity stunt. Many oddsmakers claimed he had a very minimal chance of winning due to his lack of political experience and credentials. Donald Trump was elected President of the United States because he addressed many of the legitimate concerns middle class Americans had about jobs being outsourced to other countries and industries being phased out entirely. He stands a tremendous chance of being re-elected in 2020 if he maintains economic growth, and continues to strengthen American Nationalism. Trump has already managed to effectively destroy ISIS, and the democratic party has no strong candidates to run, making Trump a juggernaut for the next election. We are living in a historical time period. Prior to the billionaire business moguls electoral victory, someone who has never held public office or served in the military has never been elected to be the leader of the free world. This aspect significantly benefits Trump because as a business man it was his responsibility to balance budgets and set goals that had to be achieved in order for his business to both strive and thrive. Many Americans werent in favor of another career politician taking office. Donald Trump was elected President because he recognized many of the economic and social disparities that individuals faced, especially individuals in Middle America. In a rapidly changing world, working class people felt left behind. The middle class was shrinking because of outsourcing, heavy taxation and regulation Trump promised to roll back some environmental regulations to stimulate job growth, confront countries and even multinational corporations that were responsible for jobs being shipped overseas. Establishment candidates on both sides of the political spectrum such as Jeb Bush and Hillary Clinton, were essentially promising more of the same. While one cannot magically make these problems disappear, they can certainly at least attempt to address them. Many workers, especially in the rust belt states, felt no such attempts were being made. In fact, they felt that career politicians were responsible for many of the problems they were facing. One cannot blame them when listening to remarks from leaders like Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who stated, were going to put a lot of coal miners and coal companies out of business (CNN Townhall Transcript). It is important to note that Mrs. Clintons husband signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).Many people felt this agreement was responsible for the move towards globalization we have witnessed over the last few decades. While many in the mainstream media attempt to portray Trumps victory as a white backlash to changing demographics, the facts portray a very different reality. Studies have indicated that the Obama-Trump voters, people who supported both Obama in his campaigns and Trump in 2016, were a big reason Trump was elected. Obviously, people who voted for the first black president are not intimidated or bothered by a minority (or female) holding a powerful office. Just 74 percent of white Obama voters with a high school diploma or less backed Mrs. Clinton in the voter study group cited by Mr. Milbank (Cohn, New York Times). President Trump also received a higher percentage of both the Hispanic and the African American vote than Governor Mitt Romney did in the 2012 general election. This shows that all Americans wanted to put America first displaying nationalistic feelings. On a side note, President Trumps campaign manager, Kellyane Conway, was the first female campaign manager to run a success ful general election. The campaign was never based on racism or sexism, and any efforts to describe it in those terms is an egregious misrepresentation. The forty-fifth President did something incredible, he hijacked the Republican party and proceeded to hijack what used to be the base of the Democratic party to win the general election. People were not voting based on who conformed best to the old beliefs from either party, they were voting for just the opposite. Americans wanted a successful leader. Trumps background of successful companies attest to his sound leadership. He was an executive dealing with complex negotiations and problems before being elected President. After the financial crisis of 2008, it was President Obamas job to both save and fix the economy. However, throughout Obamas eight years in office, he implemented policies that damaged the chances of any significant economic growth. Before Mr. Obama, in the 11 previous recessions since the Depression, the economy recovered all jobs lost during the recession an average of 27 months after the recession began. In Mr. Obamas recovery, dating from the summer of 2009, the recessions job losses were not recovered until after 76 months†more than six years (Ferrara, Wall Street Journal).It all comes down to economics. The populist wave President Trump capitalized on was sweeping much western society as a whole. Just a few months prior to his election here in the United States of America, Britain voted to exit the European Union. This too was a surprise to the international community. More recently, the French people are rising up against President Macron. What started as the yellow jackets protesting his new environmental tax turned into a large-scale movement against his administration. The people feel he is an elitist who is out of touch with their concerns and desires. President Trump has a strong chance of winning his re-election bid in 2020.For starters, the economy is generally strong. The unemployment rate is lower than it has been in almost fifty years. African American unemployment and Hispanic unemployment are at the lowest levels theyve been in history. The Trump Administration has effectively destroyed ISIS. Although the Democratic Party has a wide range of candidates to run, none of them are high quality. Former Vice President Joe Biden admitted he was tired after campaigning for candidates during the midterm elections. Beto ORourke lost his local race to Senator Cruz in Texas, how can he be expected to win the Presidency? Kamala Harris is too far left on the political spectrum for a center right country. Mayor Bloomberg may pose a threat in a general election but he is not progressive enough to survive the primaries (and probably will not run regardless). The people did not just vote for Trump in 2016, they voted for a change. They were tired of seeing their jobs shipped overseas to other countries and they were tired of seeing their way of life changing so rapidly. The same country that supported President Trump supported President Obama. They lost faith in the direction the country was headed in and wanted a change. Thus far, Mr. Trump has delivered on many of his promises and brought about said change. It is probable that he will win re-election in 2020.

Satan As A Tragic Hero Essay - 722 Words

DeRosas 1 Sundi M. DeRosas Professor Julie Roth ENGL.2322.W31C 6 December, 2015 Satan as a tragic hero In the poem of ?Paradise Lost? written by John Milton, Satan is thought of as a tragic hero because he is perceived as a strong leader to the fallen angels and has tremendous importance. He struggles to overcome his apprehensions and choses to dedicate him to evil. He lacks strength to accomplish his goal of corrupting mankind. Satan becomes unable to judge God?s grace and is not able to find a way of making his past right. Therefore, he is punished by being condemned to eternal Hell. In the beginning of ?Paradise Lost?, Milton draws the reader to Satan by his very seductive ways and lures them to believe he is an innocent victim by his cunning character. The reader sees Satan as having attributes of a hero because we see him through his eyes. His evil is brought to human level and one may feel compelled to understand him. We begin to sympathize with him against our will and realize just how seductive evil really is and not to succumb to it. Satan shares his pain and alienatio n as he reaches Earth. The reader can identify with him and therefore feels sympathetic towards him. Many tragic heroes begin their journey because of self-assurance and pride and are not prosperous in the end. Satan obtains a struggle within him and questions God?s relationship with the angels in Heaven and doesn?t believe God should be above everyone else. He has manyShow MoreRelatedParadise Lost: Is Satan a Tragic Hero? Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesIn Miltons Paradise Lost, he writes the story of the fall of Satan, his followers, and mankind. Many critics often view Satan as the unlikely or tragic hero of the epic poem. Satan is, obviously, the main character throughout most of the poem, but not necessarily the hero. Satans main purpose is to fight G-d, and try to be on the same level as Him. The important thing is to realize that Satan is sin, and being humans, who are all born into sin, we can easily relate to a sinful character. G-dRead MoreCharacteristics Of Satan In Paradise Lost1029 Words   |  5 Pagesclassic epic poem that describes the fall of Satan and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise. Throughout the poem, Milton portrays Satan in a way that makes him tragically attractive to humans. Satan appears to be the protagonist of Paradise Lost and has several traits in which readers can identify with. Not only is Satan a tragic hero in the literature, but also he is also the main character in the plot and portrays many flawed human qualities. Because Satan is a fallen angel from the kingdom ofRead MoreIs Satan A Hero Or Villain?1258 Words   |  6 PagesIs Satan a Hero or a Villain? An Analysis of Milton’s Paradise Lost The heroic qualities of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost are overwhelmingly masked by his ‘satanic’ and villainous acts which qualify his character to fall into a category of villain rather than hero. Paradise Lost is an epic poem and like all epic poems, requires an epic hero with a tragic flaw. The tragic flaws of Satan are too prominent and effectual to call him an epic hero, but rather these flaws, or evil characteristicsRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost1442 Words   |  6 PagesParadise Lost There are many definitions of a hero, and establishing the hero in John Milton’s Paradise Lost has been object to scholarly debate. One definition of a hero is that by Aristotle, who defined a hero as a person who is divine and superhuman. However, other definitions encompass the aspect of virtue in heroism. Despite all the definitions for a hero, it remains factual that a hero would be someone that the readers would delight in relating to. A hero is an object of admiration and it would makeRead MoreJesus: The Tragic Hero Essay830 Words   |  4 Pagesforetold of him, an unusual birth, an attempt made on his life, is exiled, goes on a quest, has his people turn on him, dies on hill, and has a mystery surrounding his death. Most of all, he is unique. These elements provide evidence of Jesus being a tragic hero. Jesus has several prophecies foretold about him, one of which would be that, â€Å"Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel. (Isaiah 7:14)† He was born to a virgin, Saint Mary, and conceived through the HolyRead MoreSatan As A Hero And A Villain916 Words   |  4 PagesSatan as a Hero and a Villain (Analysis of Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost) John Milton created Paradise Lost out of twelve books of well constructed poetry. A poem depicting and going into detail of the story of Adam and Eve, man’s creation and fall. The poem focuses on the actions of one particular character, Satan. Milton introduces his readers to Satan in Book I as a hero, trying to get revenge against God for throwing him out of Heaven, being banished to Hell. But as Satan carries on withRead MoreJohn Milton: A View of Evil vs. Ignorance Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a person hears Satan, a streak of fear, and the thought of evil arises. People fear Satan, and think of him as evil, but in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, he displays a thought of the Father being the evil being, and Satan a tragic hero. In Paradise Lost, Book 1 and 2, the minor areas where God is shown, He is displayed as hypocritical. He contradicts himself by creating the humans to be of free will, but when Satan displays free will, he is shunned. Satan could be describ ed in many terms, andRead MoreSatan as a Hero Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagespoem that describes the fall of Satan and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise. Satan is the protagonist of Paradise Lost and has several characteristics in which readers may identify with him. Throughout the poem, Satan is not only a tragic hero but also the key character that drives the plot and portrays many flawed human qualities. As an angel fallen from the high esteem of God and a possessor of hubris that leads to his downfall, he represents a tragic hero but also a character in whichRead MorePortrayal Of Satan As A Hero1111 Words   |  5 PagesDecember, 2015 Milton?s Portrayal of Satan as a Hero In the poem of ?Paradise Lost?, critics disagree with Milton for portraying Satan as a hero, while many oppose it; others view it as Milton?s style. Even-though within the poem Milton carries the same moral concepts and ambiguity of Satan?s heroism which has been a topic of discussion for more than three centuries (Murphy). Aristotle?s idea of hamartia to a reading of ?Paradise Lost? is rational of that of Satan, because he is perceived as a strongRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1606 Words   |  7 Pagestwo, four and nine of Paradise Lost, Milton portrays Satan as heroic, introducing freedom and reason to the minds and lives of humanity. Satan allows his subservient fallen angels, as well as Adam and eve to recognize authority, reason and the true meaning of freedom. The beginning of the story is told through Satan’s point of view, making him the first empathetic character the reader is introduced to. From the very beginning of Book One, Satan explains how him and other fellow angels waged a war

The Financial Crisis Of Russia - 3538 Words

Russia was one of the countries that promptly reacted to the global financial crisis. The main effect of the crisis in Russia came in the beginning of 2009, and the Government started the realization of an unprecedented Anti-crisis program. Despite the fact that Russia had the largest fiscal stimulus in G20 countries, the outcome of the anti-crisis program was one of the least efficient. One of the reasons why the economic policy did not bring expected results was that the government bailed out corporations and banks basing the choice on political influence rather than on the efficiency considerations. The bailout strategy in Russia during the crisis will be compared to the government support of troubled companies in the United States in†¦show more content†¦The Russian Ruble experienced significant depreciation in the result of 30-40% decrease in oil, natural gas, and metal prices and a significant â€Å"deterioration in the private capital account† . Outflow of the capital from Russia demonstrated low confidence of investors. And as a consequence, the Russian financial market sharply went down. In 2009 Russian GDP fell by a record 7.9%, manufacturing - by 10.8%, unemployment rate increased from 6.3% in 2008 to 8.4% in 2009 , and the interest rates increased. People felt panic because of the memories about difficult times of the Russian default of 1998 . When the crisis hit the Russian economy in fall 2008 – beginning 2009, the Government realized the need for prompt measures. According to the Keynesian theory, the countercyclical fiscal policy, i.e. deficit spending, is one of the actions necessary to help the nation come out of the recession. The Russian Government announced the realization of the Anti-crisis program combining both monetary and fiscal policy actions. In particular, fiscal policy was supposed to create the market for business output, decrease unemployment, raise profitability, and increase business optimism. The Russian response to the crisis was considered â€Å"broadly in line† with programs implemented by many OECD countries. The fiscal policy actions in Russia involved increase of spending on the sectors

Role of Ambition in Macbeth Essay Example For Students

Role of Ambition in Macbeth Essay The play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare is based upon old Scotland and this is used as the general time frame. During this time, Monarchy still existed and Scotland is in war with Whales. There are many emotions that arise throughout the play, but the most important of all is ambition. â€Å"Ambition is the desire for personal achievement. Ambitious persons seek to be the best at what they choose to do for attainment, power, or superiority† (â€Å"Ambition†). The motif of ambition in the play is that being ambitious leaves one blind to certain areas and can drive one insane to reach the intended goal. Numerous characters that showed this trait throughout the play were Banquo, Macduff, Lady Macbeth, and Macbeth. Banquo was a noble warrior and a Thane; at the beginning of the play he and Macbeth were close friends. While with Macbeth he met three witches who prophesied that his children would be king of Scotland. Banquo doubts the witches prophesies at first and even says to Macbeth; have we eaten on the insane root/ that takes the reason prisoner(1.3. 87-8). This question posed by Banquo is basically asking Macbeth if they have gone mad and are hallucinating. Later, Banquo realizes that two of the witches predictions for Macbeth have come true; Banquo begins to process the idea that maybe his children will become heir to the throne. Eventually, he confronts Macbeth saying, I dreamt last night of the three Weird Sisters. / To you they have showed some truth(2.1. 25-6). Banquo was now ambitious for his line to take the throne; â€Å"Banquo’s character stands as a rebuke to Macbeth, since he represents the path Macbeth chose not to take: a path in which ambition need not lead to betrayal and murder† (Rev. of Macbeth). The fact that Ban. .ht that he was invincible. In the play Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, there are many moods and emotions that occur. The main emotion however is the characters ambition. Some such characters that showed their ambition was Banquo, Macduff, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth, and their ambition also costed them their family and their lives and left them blind to others. Ambition is very important trait to possess because it is what keeps one going. On the flip side of that, there are always those who go to far to get what they want and wind up paying the consequences. Works Cited â€Å"Ambition. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Mar. 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. Rev. of Macbeth, by William Shakespeare. Sparknotes. Sparknotes LLC, 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2010. Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York City: Pocket Books, 1992. Print.

Undergraduate College Essay free essay sample

Eyes shut. Deep breaths. Eyes open. It is the first day of freshman year. I switched to an Islamic boarding school during eighth grade, and now I am back to public school. Its time to reintroduce myself to the same people I knew just a year ago. The rush of emotions going through my head wondering what my old friends will say and if anyone will even remember me. I havent spoken to anyone yet. I dont even bother going to my locker; I head straight to first period, Honors English 1. Looks like I happen to have classmates I know from before. To my surprise, they all look past whats on my head, and talk to me. Class began with the typical â€Å"first day† routine where teachers explain rules and assign seats. Suddenly the bell rings, and the excited, yet nervous freshmen all jolt towards the door with me following close behind. We will write a custom essay sample on Undergraduate College Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the day continues with the repetition of first period, I finally get back on the bus to get home. I find an empty seat and start to get comfortable for the 40 minute bus ride home. While I was busy untangling my earphones, I felt my bag move closer to me. I look up and recognize an old friend. We begin a casual conversation about our first days, but I can see her glancing at my hijab every few seconds. For the first time, I explain the new me. â€Å"Youre probably wondering whats up with the thing on my head.† She stares back at me with solemn curiosity, â€Å"I didnt know if I should mention it.† â€Å"Its called a hijab,† pointing towards my scarf, â€Å"Its a Muslim head covering, which is part of my religion. It represents modesty, so people won’t judge me by my appearance, but they’ll like me for my personality and character.† She looks at me with astonishment and replies, â€Å"Its different, but I like it!† Here I am today as a junior and as an early graduate. I proudly wear my hijab, as it is a symbol of my faith. The challenges and struggles that I endured trying to maintain my principles, as well as assimilate to American society, have shapedme to become who I am today. My hijab has given me self-respect and has allowed me to value myself as a young woman. I have developed a sense of understanding for others traits which make them unique. Not all reactions were as comforting as the one my friend gave me, but I will always have that moment to cherish and remember. My hair may be covered, but my mind is wide open.

Performance Appraisal case study Essays

Performance Appraisal case study Essays Performance Appraisal case study Paper Performance Appraisal case study Paper The second option is to follow through with promoting Jose Luis, but to find a position with increased responsibilities and salary for Juan. The implications are as follows: Juan could be promoted into a Senior Salesperson role; a supervisory role or even be considered for a promotion at another site. This may serve to placate him. There are a few reasons that this alternative isnt the best option. First, positions shouldnt be created simply to keep employees happy. The organization needs to create and fill positions based on strategic objectives. Second, if the performance appraisal that was carried out was accurate, he shouldnt be moving up simply because of his tenure with the company. The third option is to rescind the job offer and to carry out a proper selection process including the two incumbents as well as any other internal or external incumbents. The implications are as follows: The company should seek legal advice and be prepared in case Jose Luis wishes to seek legal action. Although employment contract as generally considered at will whereby it can be terminated at any time, the company should still be well prepared. Although its not good practice to do this, its not entirely unusual when either a company find out new and relevant information about a candidate or when the company strategy changes. In this case, the new information was that there was less information about the candidate than previously thought. A senior level staff such as the Director of HR should speak with Jose Luis as quickly as possible to inform him of the error caused by the HR Manager. He should be informed that his performance is well recognized, but that the company has an obligation to everyone involved to ensure the hiring process is done correctly. If he is indeed the best person for the job the company will soon discover this. The job should then either be posted on a suitable employment website to gather candidates or, more preferably due to time pressures, be sent to a recruiter who may have candidates on hand. In this case, the interviewing can take place within one weeks time and a decision could be made within two weeks. The interviews should be well prepared. There should be at minimum two people present including the Director of Sales and a competent HR person (we would like to leave the current HR Manager out. This will be discussed later. ) The interview questions should be valid. In conjunction with the interview, employee track record (not including the performance appraisals which were uncertain) and seniority with the company, a decision should be made in a fair and equitable manner. Decision should be privately discussed with each internal candidate. He should be disciplined and retrained. Given how pivotal knowledge of hiring and performance management is for an HR professional, the company should evaluate whether or not the incumbent is the right person for the job. Terminating employment may need to be considered. The Director should assess the other responsibilities of the HR Manager. The best option although it will be a difficult one, is to take the fourth option, to rescind the offer and to conduct a fair and ethical hiring process for the position deciding between the two internal candidates. Although it may not send the best message about the company to rescind an offer, it is clear that the process was not done properly. The decision to hire internally is simply because it seems as though the company will be capable of finding a qualified manager between Juan and Jose Luis. If not, external candidates can be considered, but this doesnt seem to be a likely scenario.

Teaching Exceptional Children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Teaching Exceptional Children - Research Paper Example The concept of ‘exceptional children’ refers to children who exhibit exceptional qualities which are drastically different, in any way, from that of regular children in the same age group. Such children are either far below or above average and hence, the type of education provided to them, must be different than what is provided to regular children. It is only through the right approach to education, that the learning abilities / disabilities of such children can be dealt with in an appropriate manner. The term exceptional children refer to those children whose physical attributes or learning abilities differ greatly from regular children. It includes children who have learning disabilities as well as those with exceptionally developed learning abilities; children with physical impairment; behavioral problems; as well as children who are intellectually gifted and talented (Education.com, 2010). The learning styles of such children, hence is drastically different from regular children. The notion of ‘one size fits all’ does not hold any relevance, especially in the field of education, since the level of knowledge of every child depends on various factors such as: Children when enrolled in school differ in terms of knowledge they possess. Certain children come with very little knowledge and / or support from their parents while others come with a level of knowledge which far exceeds their age and experience (Tomlinson, 1999). According to Caine & Caine (1990) there can be a difference of up to five years, in terms of maturation between ‘average’ children. Such gap is even wider in case of children with exceptional learning needs. The deprivation of exceptional children from a healthy environment causes an adverse impact on the development of their mental and cognitive abilities such as the ability to memorize, focus, concentration, discrimination etc. among others. The manner in which we think and

International entrepreneurship -2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International entrepreneurship -2 - Essay Example Until the 21st century, there were a number of international entrepreneurs who have developed great products that are currently used by people across the world. This paper will however focus on the activities and the birth of mobile and electronic giant Apple Inc. the birth and growth of Apple will be critically analyzed with a bias towards its strategies, international market shares, growth trends and the potential. The entrepreneurial spirits of the founders who coined and pursued the idea to the end will also be evaluated in order to develop an idea on the challenges and strengths that the company possesses. Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide an in-depth analysis of a company that is considered as a perfect example of an international entrepreneurship project. Apple Inc, a company based in California United States will be studied with an aim of getting insights into the company’s profile and practices. In doing this, the report will review the motivations and the reasons for starting the business. The personal profiles of the founders, educational backgrounds, family information and financial abilities will also be evaluated. The market share and capitalization of the company will also provide great information of the company’s growth progress and abilities as compared to other market players and competitors (Beech and Jiang, 2012). Profile of firm Ref Description Response 1.1 Company age Apple Inc is today 36 years old, having been established in 1977 by three young entrepreneurs. It’s based in Cupertino, California (Beech and Jiang, 2012) 1. 3size (no of employees/sales turnover) Today, Apple Inc has over 72,800 employees in worldwide working in their laboratories, retail stores and operating their online stores (Apple, 2013). The company’s Market capitalization is $416.46 billion in 2013, a value which has shown significant improvement when compared with the previous financial year (Linzmayer, 2009). It also had a Total sales of $164.46 billion in 2013, a value that improved if compare with the previous years (Beech and Jiang, 2012). 1.4 Industry sector Apple Inc operates under Computer, information technology and mobile telephony industry and is today operating in the entertainment sector through its online music stores (Lashinsky, 2012). Main offerings The products offered by apple Inc include Computer hardware such as mackintosh computers, apple computers (Martin, 2011). The company also markets Computer software such as iMac iOS operating system, iCloud Mobile devices such as Apple Smartphone, iPhone Audio digital devices such as iPad, digital audio and music stores. 1.4 Main domestic/international market Domestic market include United states of America International market include Europe, Asia especially China, South American countries and Africa. 1.5 If international, no. of markets percentage of sales as exports The total percentage exports to china during the financial year 2012 were 5%. Europe constitutes the major percentage of apple’s international exports at 14% in 2012 (Martin, 2011). Demographic profile of entrepreneur Ref Description Response 2.1 Age, gender, education, marital status Steve jobs remains the main entrepreneur and brainchild behind the apple we see and know today He Started the business while 22 years old. Steve went to reed college but dropped out before completion. He was a Zen Buddhist believer and was married to Laurene Powell and

EFFECTIVENESS ON TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Essay Example for Free

EFFECTIVENESS ON TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Essay This survey will be kept entirely confidential and is designed to solicit honest and candid feedback that will be used as a baseline for further and on-going work that will be done to improve overall organisational climate. Dear Sir/Madam, Thank you for taking part in this study. I am a MBA student in conducting analysis study on Training and Development in this organization. The basic purpose of this study is to identify effectiveness of the training and development imparted by you and its results in the performance of the employees. Kindly take some of your valuable time to fill out the questionnaire. Thank you for your valuable time. PERSONAL DETAILS Name : Gender: Q1) Does your company organises a training and development programme? Yes No Q2) Does your organisation identify the training needs for employees? Yes No Q3) How often training programmes organised in your company? Quarterly Half yearly Annually Every 2 years Q4) How well do you participate in various training programmes being conducted in organisation? Highly Fairly well Not always Q5) Training programmes help to improve the performance of employees and productivity of organization? Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Q6) Do you agree that your company have well designed training policy? Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Q7) Training programmes helps to increase your motivation? Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Q8) Training programmes improved your confidence towards work? Yes No Q9) Do you think training programmes are helpful to you in gaining new idea? Yes No Q10) Who in your opinion should give training? Expert from outside Internal faculty Personal department Supervisors Q11) Training helps to reduce stress at work? Yes No Q12) Is there any emphasis given on development of leadership skills through training programmes? Yes always Sometimes Not always Q13) Does the training programmes help you in good decision making at your jobs? Yes No Q14) In your opinion which method of training is useful for your organisation? On the job training Off the job training Q15) How did the training programmes benefit you during your service? Appreciation from superiors Improvement in work Quality enhancement Improvement in attitude Q16) Are you always motivated and looking forward for new training programmes after each programme? Yes always Sometimes Not always Q17) On the whole how will you rate the training programme being conducted in your organisation? Very good Good Satisfactory Poor Very poor Q18) Does the present system of training need any modification? If yes what are the suggestions to make future training programmes more effective?

Abnormal Psychology Essay example -- Cultural Differences, Mental Heal

The field of abnormal psychology engages with the obscure line between normal and abnormal behaviour. This blur is as a result of the dissonance that occurs when the two terms are defined for example, when cultural perspectives are taken into consideration-where behaviour (for example sake, experiencing hallucinations) considered deviant in one population is normalcy in another. In attempt to make the field comprehensive a middle ground was determined by drawing on the common elements or patterns of â€Å"peculiar† conditions, and converging them to ascertain this definition of abnormality: behavioural, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are atypical and unexpected in their cultural context and associated with personal distress and impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, or pain (Barlow & Durand, 2012). In brief, this is an applied field, interested in identifying and treating individuals whose symptoms trouble them and in many cases those around them, leading to difficulties in everyday functioning. This essay aims to discuss and apply the knowledge base of abnormal psychology to the plight of Regina; her case offers a template for which to problematize the aforementioned statement about the definition of abnormality, concomitantly determine the factors that have brought about her ailment and, finally, deduce the course of action to take in an attempt to alleviate her symptoms to retain and maintain stability. Keeping in mind the real-life problems faced by Regina, one shall critically interrogate each criterion for abnormal behaviour-psychological dysfunction, personal distress and impairment in functioning that is not typical or culturally expected-and map these on to the surface characterist... ...onships between stressful life events and the onset of major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 837-541. Maj, M. (2008). Delusions in major depressive disorder: Recommendations for the dsm-v. Psychopathology, 41, 1-3. doi:10.1159/00010994 Myers, D. G. (2010). Social psychology (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill . Solomon, D. A., Leon, A. C., Endicott, J., Coryell, W. H., Li, C., Fiedorowicz, J. G., & Keller, M. B. (2009). Empirical typology of bipolar I mood episodes. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195, 525-530. Retrieved March 02, 2012, from http://bjp.rcpsych.org Swartz, L., de la Rey, C., Duncan, N., & Townsend, L. (2008). Psychology: An introduction (2nd ed.). Cape Town, Southern Africa: Oxford University Press.

Political Philosophy and Machiavelli Essay

â€Å"And if all men were good, this teaching would not be good; but because they are wicked and do not observe faith with you, you also do not have to observe it with them† (69). Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince is arguably the most famous and controversial political science book of all time. Many think of Machiavelli as synonymous with evil. The father of the idea that the ends will always justify the means, the term Machiavellian has become connected with selfish, brutal, or immoral actions. Machiavelli has long been associated with totalitarianism, conquest, and tyranny. But is this label deserved? Is The Prince a book that expresses evil? Many argue that Machiavelli is not a teacher of evil, but bases his teachings on a pragmatic realism that has long been a part of politics. He would certainly not be the first to have such a view, and he is certainly not the last. In promoting his realistic view of power and politics, Machiavelli does not teach evil, instead, he uses necessity and practicality as the criteria in which his thought is based on. In this way we see that he does not put the matter of good or evil as a priority in his actions, but uses practical methods to make his choice in each instance as to what is necessary and beneficial. Through the exploration of the basis for Machiavelli’s treatment of ethics and his agenda for writing The Prince we see that his teachings are not evil, but based on political pragmatism and necessity. He himself makes it clear as he advises the Prince on how to be able to do what is necessary whether it is good or evil. â€Å"And so he needs to have a spirit to change as the winds of fortune and variations of things commanded him, and as I said above, not depart from good, when possible, but know how to enter into evil, when forced by necessity † (70). Machiavelli treats morality and prudence not as guides for a Prince, but as tools to use for political gain. In this way we see that Machiavelli is not preaching evil, which would be to encourage the opposite of virtue and morality, but to use them in different ways depending on the situation. Virtue is a key concept when discussing moral living and actions, and vice is the opposite of virtue. The concepts of virtue and vice are age-old ideas ingrained within human society. But the traditional view of virtue and vice, laid out by such thinkers as Aristotle and Plato, is changed to fit the pursuit of power in Machiavellian’s The Prince. Classic virtue comes from a criterion based on just and beneficial interaction, while pursuing an end, within a civil society. This interaction can involve the impact of an individual on another individual, a citizen and a state, or even an impact an individual has upon himself. Thus a man who sacrifices his life to save his friend, city, or beliefs is thought of as virtuous. On the other hand the reciprocal of this action would be vice, a man who sacrifices his friend, city or beliefs to preserve his life may be viewed as possessing a vice. Virtue finds its anchor in morality and ethics, and upholds that, it is focused on preserving qualities like justice and harmony. The change in the Machiavellian code of morality comes as a result as result of an entire shift in what the foundation of this morality is built on, namely the ends being pursued. The Machiavellian concept of virtue not only divorces virtue completely from its ethical foundation, but places it on a foundation of ability to execute what is necessary in order to achieve what is desired. In this case what is desired is power, which is to be strictly maintained and used to achieve glorious ends, whatever they may be. From this foundation of the pursuit and maintenance of power comes the Machiavellian outlook on everything else, and is the reason in which he is able to separate ethics from politics. Morality in its classical sense would only serve to get in the way of power and prudence; it creates unnecessary dilemmas between what is politically necessary and morally correct, interfering with being a wise ruler. Therefore the Prince must take the necessary actions regardless of their moral ramifications. â€Å"? [If] one considers everything well, one will find something that appears to be virtue, which if pursued would be one’s ruin, and something else appears to be vice, which if pursued results in one’s security and well-being† (62). Machiavelli removes the foundation of prudence and virtue from morality, and reinterprets them in regards to necessity and power. Correct policy within The Prince is based on the Machiavellian conception of virtue and prudence. Stemming from this, Machiavelli at times refers to virtue and prudence in their classical definitions, pertaining to high morality, and just actions. But at other times in The Prince, he refers to them as directly pertaining to the proper execution of power. For example he often compares a ruler’s success, not morality, with virtue. No matter how brutal the ruler, if he is able to hold power well then he is virtuous. Prudence is thought of as being careful, observant and logical in the classical sense. But Machiavelli uses it to describe a ruler who is very sharp, decisive, and makes the correct choices. â€Å"A prudent lord, therefore, cannot observe faith, nor should he, when such observance turns against him, and causes that made him promise have been eliminated† (69). It therefore would be prudent for a ruler to massacre a rebellion, if it meant the ultimate preservation of power. In this case necessity calls for action, even if those actions go against classical morality. A ruler, who has correct judgment and knows what is the best course of action, would take the proper measures to stop the rebellion and pay no attention to the morality of his actions. The ends in this case change the conception of the codes in which the means are to be judged by; no longer is the end such universally beneficial ideas of peace and justice, but power and conquest. Virtue and prudence to Machiavelli hold meaning only in the sense of ability and accomplishment. To Machiavelli cunning would be a virtue, as would decisiveness while wielding power. A vice for a ruler would be stupidity, or ignorance of ones own subjects. Something that is virtuous in the classical sense would only be followed if it were deemed compatible with the situation, and did not in anyway undermine the ends being pursued. The Machiavellian view is based on and around a realism seen in politics and history, and is amoral. The entire intent of the book was to write a pragmatic and realistic approach to dealing with power, not a lesson in high virtue and morality. He states, â€Å"But since my intent is to write something useful to whoever understands it, it has appeared to me more fitting to go directly to the effectual truth of the thing than to the imagination of it† (61). He finds that necessity is what guides most actions. â€Å"? [Because] men will always turn out bad for you unless they have been made good by a necessity†(95). A military training manual written on the best way to execute killing would not go into a debate on whether or not killing is right or wrong. The manual would be almost amoral and not go into the debate, those who have already settled that debate in their minds would read it, and the same follows for The Prince. One should not associate the teachings of The Prince as something that Machiavelli himself feels is moral, just and proper, but rather what history has shown to be the ideal and efficient way to handle power. Survivor in the political world creates certain necessities, and forces individuals to undertake certain actions in order to ensure success. â€Å"? [for] it is so far from how one lives to how one should live that he who lets go of what is done for what should be done learns his ruin rather than his preservation† (61). The purpose of The Prince is not a guide to being a moral Prince, but how to abide by necessity and pragmatism. Just as a purpose of the war manual would not be the ethics of killing. The manual would not debate war as a just or unjust means to an end, but instead would accept it as reality, and try to approach it with the same harsh reality. In fact the entire purpose of The Prince was to serve as a guide to restore Italy to greatness, a path that can only be achieved by power. He uses examples from throughout history of rulers who acted successfully when faced with a situation, drawing from these examples he shows the correct actions that a Prince should follow. There is no room for being a virtuous and honest ruler, as it will be at odds with the reality of political life. Because he uses realistic examples from history, we see his true pragmatic nature; his ultimate goal is the achievement of his ends, not the correct actions. Machiavelli uses the actions of past rulers whether or not they are just, as long as they prove successful for the ends being pursued. Machiavelli himself states that he has taken a realist approach, and outlines the reason as to why he has taken this approach, as being necessary and efficient. If one were to examine the way in which Machiavelli looks towards allowing freedom towards his subjects, or the treatment of honesty toward his subjects, one would conclude that Machiavelli himself was not in favor of these things. It would be a mistake to reach this conclusion, it is not so much that he is against freedom or truth, but he realizes that these things will damage and undermine ones power – the goal and focus of The Prince. â€Å"For a man who wants to make a profession of good in all regards must come to ruin among so many who are not good† (61). Machiavelli is not favoring things that we would view as brutality, deception and in many cases evil; instead he is using them as tools in an act to obtain what he desires. Machiavelli spends much time on the behavior that a Prince should follow in order to be successful. Although Machiavelli goes through many different traits and practices a ruler should follow, the two that he deems very necessary are to be loved and to be feared. Machiavelli stresses that a ruler should seek to be loved, but above all make sure that he is not hated, because if he is hated it will ultimately be his undoing. This follows the Machiavellian line of pragmatism and necessity; it is not motivated by a lust for evil or deceit, but is something that many people who are appalled by his amorality would agree with. If Machiavelli were a teacher of evil he would never make such a statement. A leader who is feared will ultimately deter any action against him by his ability to control the actions of the people with his fear. . Morality will only serve to hamper a prince’s abilities. â€Å"This has to be understood: that a prince, especially a new prince, cannot observe all those things for which a men are held good, since he is often under a necessity, to maintain his state, of acting against faith, against charity, against humanity, against religion. And so he needs to have a spirit disposed to change as the winds of fortune an variations of things command him? † (70). The most efficient way to deal with a problem is usually not the moral way, and Machiavelli time and time again points to this as the reason in which he chooses the path he does. His book is not for idealists, and as he states idealists rarely accomplish what they want. His book is for the guidance of a Prince towards power, and the ability to maintain that power. All of these things follow the strict Machiavellian criteria of necessity for power. Whether these things are good or evil in our eyes is not the topic of discussion for Machiavelli, therefore it does not concern him, what he seeks is the necessary actions to gain and maintain power. â€Å"Hence it is necessary to a prince, if he wants to maintain himself, to learn to be able not to be good, and to use this and not use it according to necessity† (61). This doctrine of pragmatism within The Prince was not invented by Machiavelli, one can look at it as merely an expression of the practical political ideas of his time, and perhaps forever. We see that Machiavelli puts forth an ethics of political convenience. It does not hold to or allow itself to be hampered by morality, virtue, or Christian values, but allows them only when opportune and beneficial. The Prince’s doctrine supports actions including murder, deceit, and betrayal given that the Prince will benefit from it. The ethics found within Machiavelli is entirely based upon a realistic outlook upon the political world and caters to political convenience. To Machiavelli this moral code of convenience and pragmatism is a political necessity. He states that when it is politically necessary to act in accordance with a vice then one must do so in the interest of power. â€Å"And furthermore one should not care about incurring the fame of those vices without which it is difficult to save one’s state? â€Å"(62). He holds that the world will swallow up idealists, and that it is unrealistic to expect someone to exercise morality when dealing with a political situation, or their enemies. Through the exploration of the basis for Machiavelli’s treatment of ethics and his agenda for writing The Prince we see that his teachings are not evil, but based on political pragmatism and necessity. Machiavelli treats morality and prudence not as guides for a Prince, but as tools to use for political gain. By removing the foundation of prudence and virtue from morality, he reinterprets them in regards to necessity and power. The amoral Machiavellian view centers on a realism seen in politics and history. The entire purpose of The Prince is not a guide to being a morally, but a guide to necessity and pragmatism. This doctrine of pragmatism within The Prince was not invented by Machiavelli, but used masterfully by him to craft a powerful instructional book on power. The concept of morality is not attacked or thrown away, but put aside and only referred to or used when necessary. In the real world few will be honest, or moral, so it becomes necessary for one to also set these things aside as it will conflict with ones ends. This is the reality of politics and Machiavelli recognizes this and refers to it many times in the book as the reason to why he chooses the path he does and not out of evil or some wish for deceitful actions. Political reality deems his method necessary, thus it is a realistic and pragmatic way to approach the subject.

Happiness Is An Abstract Concept - 1338 Words

Happiness is an abstract concept. It is mainly expressed individual’s own feeling that is a sensational state of a person (Suikkanen 2011). It is all about what we imagine, feel, assume and how do we perform in harmony. Nowadays, there is a rising trend of measurement of happiness amongst government all over the world to determine their people’s well-being. In Australia, numerous studies have been done in the past on the grounds of happiness. The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics Australia (HILDA) follow questionnaire survey mostly on the lives of Australian residents. It focuses on happiness and life satisfaction based on their survey. This survey has a significant feature of life satisfaction on same households and individuals. They have been interviewed frequently over time to assess the changes in their life (Wilkins 2015, p.4). According to the HILDA report, it is absolutely vital for Australians to be happy is to be male, to be in a relationship (but not married), not to have children, to be employed and to reside in a small town. However, there are significant determinants in measurement of happiness based on the â€Å"Desire Satisfactionism† theory, such as individual’s satisfied desires, perspectives and their own life circumstances which should be compared with the factors considered in the HILDA survey. It is worth bearing in mind that throughout the history, many psychologists and philosophers analyze various theories on happiness. 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